2015 - January: Interesting Articles & Links

* Why is academic writing so academic? -- http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/why-is-academic-writing-so-academic

* Literature - 50 Quotes - http://www.buzzfeed.com/jenniferschaffer/i-am-i-am-i-am#.fe8ovPk6z

* Anti-Fracking -- http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/aug/05/children-ban-talking-about-fracking?CMP=share_btn_fb

* Biotech - unboiling eggs! - http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science/scientists-find-how-to-unboil-eggs/article6823761.ece

* Blue LED's inventor's advise to Japanese youngsters (get out!) :) - http://en.rocketnews24.com/2015/01/23/nobel-prize-winner-shuji-nakamura-to-japans-young-people-get-out-of-japan/

* Kiran Bedi's mythmaking - http://www.firstpost.com/politics/bjps-legendary-cm-candidate-story-of-kiran-crane-bedi-more-myth-than-fact-2056451.html

* Ajit Sivadasan - Big data lessons for global brands - http://gakuran.com/ama-the-pearl-diving-mermaids-of-japan/

* Ama pearl divers, Japan - photos -  http://gakuran.com/ama-the-pearl-diving-mermaids-of-japan/

* Atul Gawande's BBC Reith Lecture Series - download - http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/reith

* Entrepreneurs at 40+  -- http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/innovations/wp/2014/08/15/why-teaching-grandmothers-to-code-isnt-a-crazy-idea/

* NYT - The Secret Life of Passwords -- http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/19/magazine/the-secret-life-of-passwords.html?_r=0

* TED - 20 Most Popular - http://blog.ted.com/2013/12/16/the-most-popular-20-ted-talks-2013/

* Project Management - PRINCE2 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRINCE2

* Pesek, William (2014): WHAT DOES INDIA KNOW THAT THE REST OF ASIA DOESN'T, BS 19Jan15

* A site for web-designers -- http://www.smashingmagazine.com/

* A journalist flogged -- http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/15/opinion/nicholas-kristof-an-islamic-reformer-lashed.html?smid=tw-share&_r=0

* The Strange Existence of Ram Charan -- http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/04/30/8405482/index.htm
- He knew from Sanskrit teachings that "fear, anger, laziness - these are the downfalls of human beings"; that peace of mind alone is worth striving for; that dedication and mastery are their own rewards.
- At Harvard Business School - MBA student - share notes?  "I'm not going to do that," Charan said. "I'm spending my own money. I don't care if I flunk. If I learn something, I'll succeed."
- Gas company, Honolulu - "Reduce pressure from 10PM-4AM and you will makde dividends" - he combined financial acuity with engineering know-how and an eye for the role played by interpersonal relationships to solve a vexing problem.
- He was interested more in cause and effect than statistical correlation. His aims were practical: How can I solve this problem? How can I help this person? This company?
- Skeptics liken him to Chauncey Gardiner, the simple-minded hero of the 1979 film classic Being There, who gets a lot of mileage out of utterances...
- a three-item agenda following a script devised by Charan: What unique thing happened in your store last week? What issues did you face that kept you from serving your customers better? How can we fix those issues right now?
*  http://www.ram-charan.com/

* http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/ram-charan-on-advice-leadership-lesson-to-ceos-mindrush-2014/1/213974.html
- I truly believe in the Indian culture of dedication. It has served me well. Do the best you can and learn to be the best. Focus. It will take you there.
- Keep your eye on the big prize and what it takes to get there. In outsourcing we lead. I believe we can lead in generics.


* Amazing CT Scans -- http://www.vox.com/2015/1/12/7533155/ge-ct-scans

* In defence of the chronicler of Kongu -- http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/in-defence-of-the-chronicler-of-kongu/article6778031.ece

* 13 Signs of a Disengaged Employee -- http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/234436

* Demand for synthetic biocompatible polymers will increase 4.7 percent annually to $3.2 billion in 2018- http://www.business-standard.com/content/b2b-plastics-polymers/biocompatible-materials-market-in-us-to-touch-5-6-bn-115010700437_1.html
- Hyaluronic acid will generate the fastest revenue gains

* Exploitation in the Cotton Industry -- http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/25/opinion/a-long-history-of-exploitation-in-the-cotton-industry.html

* The stories the West tell itself about #Ebola - http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/142762/emmanuel-dharcourt/three-myths-about-ebola

* Indian  Patent Office grants 90% of its patents to foreign firms -- http://www.newindianexpress.com/business/news/More-Spends-on-Patents-Needed/2015/01/11/article2613526.ece

* Can Fracking handle oil below US$50/barrel -- http://www.wired.com/2015/01/adventures-mapmaking-mapping-fracking-boom-north-dakota/?mbid=social_twitter
- Great graphics - http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/11/24/upshot/nd-oil-well-illustration.html?abt=0002&abg=1

* Swaminathan R (2014):  TIME TO COUNTER TROJAN HORSES, GovernanceNow/MPost
- Intelligence stumped by spoofed IP addresses

* The Problem with Meaning - David Brooks, NYT/Hindu 7Jan15 -
- Speech to Stanford Alum by John Gardner

* Spicejet lessons for Aviation - Amber Dubey, FE 7Jan15 -- http://www.financialexpress.com/article/fe-columnist/column-spicejet-lessons-for-aviation/26797/

* Training Aircraft - Scuttling a 'Made in India' project: The case of the HTT-40 Trainer, BS-7Jan15 -- http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/scuttling-a-made-in-india-project-the-case-of-the-htt-40-trainer-115010601289_1.html
- Scuttling of Hindustan Turbo Trainer (HTT-40) for a Swiss Pilatus PC-7 Mark-II
- 2009 IAF decision - requirement 181 trainers >> 75 to be purchased abroad, and 106 to be purchased locally from HAL (PC-7 Mk-II)
- 75 Pilatus cost IAF SFrancs 557 million (Rs. 3600 cr) -- Rs. 40 cr per aircraft
- HAL aircraft had engines from Honeywell (TPE-33112B) -- Pratt & Whitney refused licensed mfr in India

* Why PK is OK - Vanita Kohli Khandekar, BS-7Jan14

* How volcanic eruptions happen -- http://www.nytimes.com/video/science/100000003431211/how-it-happens-volcanic-eruptions.html?smid=tw-nytimes

* 32 Truths presented beautifully -- http://bluegape.com/photo-story/abhinav/32-unavoidable-truths-life-presented-beautifully/

* Narisetti - Minds that should matter - http://forbesindia.com/article/special/minds-that-%28should%29-matter/39289/0

* TED - Sending Money Home - http://www.ted.com/talks/dilip_ratha_the_hidden_force_in_global_economics_sending_money_home

* Seven minute workouts -- http://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/ss/the-7-minute-workout-slideshow

* The secret to raising smart kids -- http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-secret-to-raising-smart-kids1/

* Tharoor explains tweets on ancient Indian science - http://www.ndtv.com/article/opinion/tharoor-explains-his-tweets-on-ancient-indian-science-644141

* Mana Nayestani's cartoons - http://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2014/07/18-brilliant-cartoons-will-make-think-oppression-like-never
- more - https://tavaana.org/en/cartoons

* Vikram S. Mehta (2014): OIL-POLITIK - WHY OPEC IS ALLOWING PRICES TO FALL, FE, 5Jan15

Mango Exports: The Cost of a Fruit Fly

 Copy of cover story published in IndiaSpend on 30 Jan., 2015

BadNews, Mango Lovers. Good News, India

R. Dinakar, January 30, 2015

Last summer was a bonanza for mango lovers in India. Shoppers were pleasantly surprised to find the king of them all, Alphonso mangoes, piled up on street-carts, alongside the more affordable range of Langra, Dashehari, and Chausa.

Alphonso prices had crashed, thanks to a European Union (EU) ban on mango imports from India.

At the heart of the ban was a tiny fruit fly. Importing countries feared that this exotic pest would infest and destroy their local crops, such as lettuce, cucumber and tomato.

India is the world’s largest producer of mangoes. Its annual output, at 18-19 million metric tonnes (MT), is about 40 per cent of the world’s production.  Yet, only a tiny fraction of production, 41,280 MT in 2013-14 or 0.2%, is exported.

Compare this to the world’s no.1 exporter, Mexico. This South American nation produces some 1.6 million MT of mangoes, and exports about 270,000 MT. That’s around 17 percent!

Productivity in India is low and wastage is high, as our accompanying story explains.

India’s exports were worth Rs 285 crore in 2013-14 and Rs 265 crore the year before, according to APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority) data. About 60 per cent of its exports are to the United Arab Emirates. Shipments to the EU were around 4,000 tonnes, valued at Rs 50 crore in 2012-13.

In April last year, plant quarantine authorities in Brussels found Indian consignments infested with fruit flies. Mango imports were banned in May, until December 2015.

This week, an EU committee endorsed a proposal of the European Commission to lift the banon the import of mangoes from India, citing “significant improvements” in its certification system.

Export of fruits and vegetables is a complicated business, more so when each country has its own set of requirements.

Japan insists on mangoes being subjected to treatment with hot vapours. The US and Australia buy only irradiated fruits, while others, including the EU, specify hot-water treatment.

These diverse requirements obviously add to export costs. In its advisory to exporters, APEDA specifies that the costs of positioning foreign inspectors, whether American or Japanese, must be borne by export-facility owners.

Last year, India raised these requirements as a “specific trade concern” at the World Trade Organisation, pointing out that the high cost of certification, on account of supervision by US inspectors, made Indian mangoes uncompetitive.

Two developments have somewhat turned the tide in India’s favour.

The first was a report by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) in October and, more recently, a clarification issued by the EU that its ban is being lifted this year on an assurance from India that all consignments would be processed in APEDA’s hot-water treatment facilities and duly certified before being exported.

The FAO report is quite significant. Until recently, it was assumed that fruit flies were pests unique to India. The EU, USA, Japan and Australia had imposed similar restrictions on imports from other tropical countries, citing infestations from Oriental, Philippine, Invasive and Asian Papaya fruit flies.

A multinational research effort was launched by FAO in 2009 involving nearly 50 researchers from 20 countries. In October 2014, the research team came to an unequivocal conclusion: four of the world’s most destructive agricultural pests are actually the same fruit fly.

Therefore, all four previously-considered distinct fruit-fly species will now be combined under the single name: Bactrocera dorsalis, the oriental fruit fly.

An oriental fruit fly laying eggs in a papaya, Credit: Wikimedia

“This outcome has major implications for global plant biosecurity, especially for developing countries in Africa and Asia,” said Mark Schutze, lead author of the FAO study. “The fruit fly has devastated African fruit production with crop losses exceeding 80 percent and has led to widespread trade restrictions with refusal of shipments of products into Asia, Europe and Japan, and significant economic and social impacts on farming communities”.

Precise identification of pests is central to pest management. Now scientists can focus their attention on developing standard protocols introducing bio-markers and insect birth-control techniques. Standard methods like the introduction of mass-produced sterile Oriental fruit fly males can now be used against all the different populations of this major pest.

Trade barriers based on fears of ‘exotic fruit fly infestation’, may soon become a thing of the past. This season, Alphonso mangoes may not be available for discounted prices in your local market, but the summer of 2015 may turn out to be a happy one for mango farmers, as well as other fruit & vegetable exporters in India.

(Dinakar R. is deputy general manager with Biotech Consortium India Ltd. These are his personal views.)

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REFERENCES:

* FAO: Four in One – New Discovery on Pest Fruit Flies (28 Oct., 2014) -- http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/262972/icode/

* WTO – Meeting of the Committee on Sanitary and PhytosanitaryMeaaures (15-17 Oct., 2014) -  http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/sps_e/agenda_oct14_e.pdf

* UNCTAD --- http://www.unctad.info/en/Infocomm/AACP-Products/COMMODITY-PROFILE---Mango/

* APEDA Advisories-

• http://apeda.gov.in/apedawebsite/Announcements/Advisory_for_exporters_of_fresh_fruits.pdf
• http://apeda.gov.in/apedawebsite/HACCP/DAYWISE_REPORT_FRUITS_VEGETABLES_EU.pdf

* ToI (6 May 2014) - UK help sought to lift EU ban on Indian mangoes -- http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/UK-help-sought-to-lift-EU-ban-on-Indian-mangoes/articleshow/34748433.cms

* Mint (8Jan 2015 -LiveMint) –EU agrees to lift ban on Alphonso mangoes - http://www.livemint.com/Politics/fMXWwNQ0ZCL5ZjVAoGyhGI/EU-agrees-to-lift-import-ban-on-Alphonso-mangoes.html

Open Sesame!

Long ago, when 40 thieves decided to hide their treasure in a cave, the chosen password was "Open Sesame!"

Unfortunately they were rather lax in their security protocols and Ali Baba ran away with all the gold. But a question still hangs in the empty cave, and in my mind - why did they choose the name of a tiny oil seed?

In today's world of international trade, sesame still holds the secret to a treasure trove. Consider this -

• Until recently, India was the biggest exporter of sesame seeds (now Myanmar is top dog)
• Japan still holds the record for the biggest importer in the world.
• Sesame can grow in places where most other crops fail, and yet it has the highest oil-contents of any seed.

The North Indian market is dominated by the white colored sesame while, in in the South, the most commonly available variety is the black one. Ditto for South East Asia and Japan. Why so?

 

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LINKS

* (BS-2No14) - http://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/india-s-sesame-seed-output-to-rise-by-126-shefexil-114110200688_1.html

* Sesame on Wiki - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesame

On the MAT

"There were only two things certain in life: death and taxes."

Ben Franklin was quite right when he said this. In India, however, some certainties turn up as an after-thought. MAT is one of them.

Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) was a term that was perhaps coined by the Americans, and borrowed by the Indian taxman in 2010. The dilemma he faced was fairly straightforward. Under the Income Tax Act (1961), he was expected to tax companies at a standard rate of ~ 30 percent.

Yet, when he went around checking with companies on tax deposited, he found that even the most profitable companies (including those paying dividends), were showing nil or negative income in their tax returns - thanks largely to various provisions under the Companies Act that permitted deductions, depreciation, etc.,

So we had a strange situation where companies would proclaim to its own shareholders about how well their company was performing, but when it came to the tax man, it was a different tune.

The solution was to give the tax payers two choices - calculate your returns the normal way, under ITA(1961), or at 18.5 percent of your book profits under MAT - and pay whichever was higher!

Now the problem with such a blanket rule was that firms located in the so-called "duty-free" zones like SEZs also had to shell out MAT, adding to their woes about doing business in India.

No wonder the SEZ developers are praying for some relief during the forthcoming Budget Session of the Parliament!

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LINKS

* http://www.taxindiaonline.com/RC2/inside2.php3?filename=bnews_detail.php3&newsid=5638

Encryption and Internet Security

The nuts & bolts of the internet may be for geeks, but in the world of e-commerce, ordinary folk constantly face gratuitous emails. Here is one that dropped in today -

Dear Customer XXXX  maintains the highest standards of safety and security on its online trading platform. It undertakes continuous assessments and has precautions in place to ensure that the website's operational readiness and security are not compromised for any reason. Researchers have found that a version (3.0) of a component (SSL) on web browsers which secures your connection is not secure. Hence, ever committed to secure your browsing experience, XXXX will only support higher versions of this component, i.e., TLS 1.0 and above with effect from 21-Nov-2014. This will not affect your trading experience on the  XXXX platform. However, it is strongly recommended to update your browser to its latest version specially if you are on older versions of Internet Explorer (versions 6 and below) and Opera (version 4 and below) to ensure un-interrupted and secured trading. Meanwhile we would request you to kindly change the browser settings as given here to enable TLS 1.0. Please contact our customer care for any assistance. 
Thanking you XXXX

Now what on earth is SSL and TLS?  How can I be sure that one is better than the other?

It seems SSL stands for "Secure Sockets Layer", an encrypton system launched in 1994 by Netscape. It encypts data in a 40-bit or 128-bit format, and sends it across to a sever which has the 'key' to decoding it, based a SSL Certification system.

TLS on the other hand, is "Transport Layer Security" which is based on Netscape's SSL, but, somehow, supersedes it. Like SSL it starts with a system involving an Asymmetric Protocol involving two unequal parts - a 'public key' (in your PC), and a 'private key' (in the vendor's server), but then adds a new layer involving a Symmetric Key, shared like a private secret or a special "handshake". This apparently makes it a bit more difficult for hackers to steal your passwords.

So, until XXXX comes with an email warning that TSL too has been compromised, we shall sing peans to TSL.

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LINKS
* SSL - http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/SSL.html
* SSL- Your key to e-commerce security -- http://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Internet/ssl.asp
* TLS: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/T/TLS.html
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security
* ICICIDirect - directions for enabling TSL 1.0

A Dash of Caustic Soda

Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide) from Wiki

Right on top of my things-to-do this weekend was 'Clean kitchen baffle filters'.

The last time I tried it had turned out to be a right royal mess. I spent a couple of hours with strong detergent, hot water and scrubs, only to see bits of grime wedged deep in the aluminum netting.

This time around I tried a simpler, more elegant procedure from the web. All it took was a dash of caustic soda, rubber gloves and 30 minutes of soak-time. The filters came out looking brand new.

Somewhere along the way, a careless tilt of my gloved hands sent some of the caustic soda dripping down my exposed elbow and upper arms, and I instantly understood the meaning of the term "alkali burn" -- a  soapy, stinging feeling that makes your skin crawl.

What caused this burn? Why was this soda so damn caustic?

The key apparently lies in the sodium ion which is so fond of water that it can bond with as many as 25 H2O molecules! This is enough to break down anything that contains fats or proteins into a gooey mess within minutes.

Here is an excellent article from BBC on how caustic soda has been used by chemical industries, bakers, doctors, cleaners... and murderers!

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Being Mortal in India

A peaceful, painless death is one of life's greatest blessings.

Atul Gawande's latest book is born out of experiences with those who, for most part, did not have this blessing. It discusses the way in which medical technology and social norms tend to mislead, dictate or overrule the options available to those who are terminally ill.

The book also brought back deeply disturbing memories of my father's last days at a hospital in Kerala. Much like a patient described in the book, he to was shuttling between hospitals and diagnostic labs, with an irreversible nervous system failure. Towards the end it was appalling to see somebody who stayed away from hospitals "drugged into oblivion and tubed in most natural orifices as well as a few artificial ones".

Gawande, with his focus on the prevailing healthcare system in USA, misses on some of the more disturbing aspects of what the urban elderly face in India. The fact that my father retired from the central government service prolonged his suffering in more ways than one. The first question they asked you at hospitals was - "He is fully insured under CGHS, isn't he?".

A comprehensive health insurance package seems to have prompted private hospital docs to prescribe drugs, diagnostics and procedures that were completely unnecessary. Towards the end, all the family members had to give a signed undertaking to get him out of the ICU, back into the pay-wards.

The priorities of the elderly, and the terminally ill in India may be the same as those in other countries -- to avoid suffering, strengthening relationships with family and friends, being mentally aware, not being a burden on others,

The challenge is trying to ensure that these priorities take precedence over those of the doctors, the healthcare service providers, pharma & diagnostic companies, as well as 'loving' family and friends.


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LINKS

Homepage - http://atulgawande.com/book/being-mortal/

Miyazaki's Arrietty

Today's family movie was Miyazaki's Secret World of Arrietty.

Hayao Miyazaki's Ghibli Collection is a fascinating melting pot of cultural identities. For an animation company named after a wind that blows out of Sahara desert (Sirocco to the Greeks, Ghibli to the Libyans), I wondered where he had picked such a distinctly un-Japanese name as Arrietty.

Turns out that this time Miyazaki had borrowed the name from a 1952 British novel called "The Borrowers"!


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The Borrowers - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Borrowers

Why is Albumin Expensive?

Almost every egg has two parts -- a yellow yolk, and a clear, viscous liquid that turns into Egg White when heated. Egg white also goes by the name Albumin.

The human version is called human serum albumin, and it normally constitutes about 50% of human plasma protein. It is made up of water-soluble globular proteins, and it is unusual in the sense that it is not attached to any sugar molecule (not glycosylated), because of which it degrades easily.

Inside our blood, Albumin serves as molecular "taxis" ferrying hormones, salts, fatty acids, and a long list of drugs to their target sites. It also helps regulate the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood, controlling the amount of water in our bodies.

If the albumin molecules are so plentiful in nature (plants, animal tissue, eggs, milk), why is it so expensive in packaged form? Is it the manufacturing process that makes it so expensive? Or the Intellectual Property Rights?

There is no shortage of manufacturers, nor is there a shortage of demand. Albumin Serum is necessary to treat shocks, liver disorders, kidney disorders, and a host of diseases that result in an imbalance of body fluids.

Yet, a locally manufactured product like Alba-20% costs Rs.3900 / 100ml infusion. According to a recent report human albumin is currently scarcely available with prices ranging between Rs.3897 and Rs.4092 respectively.

A part of the problem is policy and regulations. Last year, the government brought out an order (DPCO-2013) which stipulated a price control formula for a list of "essential drugs", including Albumin. This brought the cost of 1ml (20% albumin infusion) to Rs. 36.6.

Considering the prevailing sales price, this does not seem like a huge cut (Rs.39- Rs.36), but many drug companies responded by just stopping the manufacture of Albumin for the domestic markets.

So, thanks partly to a well intended policy, we now have a huge artificial shortage of an essential drug.

The road to hell is indeed paved with good intentions... :(

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LINKS:

* http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/535912/serum-albumin
* MJ (2002) - The role of albumin in critical illnesses - http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/content/85/4/599.full

* The Drug Price Control Order 2013 - http://www.nppaindia.nic.in/DPCO2013.pdf
* Blood Banks supply plasma to sustain supply of Albumin - http://pharmabiz.com/NewsDetails.aspx?aid=85989&sid=1

- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_serum_albumin
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosylation

Birding Tips from Bharatpur

In 1938 a hunting party led by the British Viceroy, Linlithgow killed 4,237 birds in one day at Bharatpur. From the look of it, the bird sanctuary is yet to recover from the assault.

Keoladeo National Park does has its bright side, even on cold foggy mornings. Despite the poor infrastructure and facilities, the guides are quite sharp with their spotting scopes. If you find the guides too expensive at Rs.250/hour, the rickshaw drivers (Rs.100/hr) are quite good too.

Plastic bags and packaged eatables are banned in the park. At the far end of KNP, you find a tea stall that stocks biscuits and chips but if you decide to buy a flex-packet, the shopkeeper neatly empties its contents into an less-than-glamorous looking newspaper-envelope before handing it out. So he keeps the packet and you get the chips!

A few other travel tips:

• Ashok hotel is the best location - it built right inside the park. However, you cannot drive your car in... getting there needs the help of rickshaws
• The best way to go around is on bicycles. The best ones are usually rented out as soon as the park opens at 6:30 AM... almost none are available by 10AM
• Take your own snacks (eco-packed), flask along...there is practically nothing available inside
• The Memento shop has nice pullovers and jackets
• The surrounding countryside has lots of birds too (like the Sarus Cranes atop)

Deeg Palace

If you thought the old forts and palaces of Agra and Delhi were big, try Deeg.

It is just over 20km from the tourist magnet called Fatehpur Sirki, on the outskirts of Agra. Yet, Deeg seems to attract hardly any visitors.

On the face of it, the town appears to be yet another decrepit urban settlement in Rajasthan. You drive along the familiar dusty, dirty lanes, the same overflowing servers, past the same garbage dumps and pigs....and then you come across this massive piece of work - fortifications, lakes, gardens, pavilions and fountains, right in the middle of nowhere!

What could be the forces that led the Jat kings to invest their  attention, time & money in Deeg?



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LINKS

- ASI - http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_raj_deeg.asp
- Braj - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braj