Sunday, July 30, 2023

Chennai - Metro to the 'Oldest Sweetshop'


Last week i found myself in Chennai after a long-long time. 

The city had, of course, changed over the years - it now had a much better airport; the long awaited metro connection was now up and running; bigger, brighter lit buildings had come up along the Anna Salai, and all the hotels seemed fully booked by the hundreds of delegates who had come to participate in the the G-20 ministerial summits.

My work had brought me to the Guindy area. Unlike some of my earlier, hurried visits, this time I had some breathing space - time to catch up with old friends, and to explore the city a bit. 

Getting around the city is a lot easier now - thanks to the new Chennai Metro lines. For a confirmed metro junkie like me nothing could be better - a fast, cheap way of getting around, a place to observe and learn about the ebb and flow of a metropolis in motion.

The first thing that struck me is that this Mass Rapid Transport system was that it had not yet been embraced by the masses. It is a lot less crowded than Delhi Metro. Perhaps for this very reason the  trains are shorter (4-5 coaches) and space inside the stations has not yet opened up for commercial activity - no snack shops, no kiosks for mobiles, or accessories. The coaches are also narrower compared to the Delhi Metro Phase-I lines because they run on standard gauge (1435 mm) and not broad-gauge (1520mm).

Built at the cost of about $3 billion this MRT system started its operations only in 2015 - more than a decade after Delhi. So it is not surprising to know that it carries only ~200,000 passengers a day - far below the 2.5 million using Delhi metro every day.

I found the station layouts rather odd. Passengers need to go through the security checks before buying tickets. While this by itself is OK, the absence of barricades puts the onus on the security staff to keep calling out the those who head directly to the ticket counter. There are no automatic ticket vending machines either. This leaves the person at the ticketing window (usually only one) to deal with a whole range of issues - printing tickets as well as coping with complaints related to the access cards.

As with most cities, the names of metro stations gives you a glimpse into its history. One of the stations on Singapore MRT is called Dhobi Ghaut, but for some reason Chennai prefers to use English names for areas that served the same purpose long ago. You have a station called Washerman-pet and yet another one called New Washerman-pet!

One downtown station is called Chinna Malai in Tamil and Little Mound in English.  Further down the blue line you also have Government Estate, Toll Gate and Thousand Lights! It took me about an hour to travel from Chinna Malai / Little Mound to the last station on the blue line - Wimco Nagar Depot. One thing I loved about this line is that it has a nice view of the sea from the time it emerges from the tunnel to take an elevated track in the suburbs. 

On my way back from Wimco Nagar I had decided to seek out one of the oldest sweet shops in the city. 'Basha Halwawala' was supposed to be about 100 years old, and unlike its more glamorous, upmarket cousins like 'Sri Krishna Sweets' and 'Adayar Ananda Bhavan', preferred to stay as a tiny 'we-have-no-branches' shop in the back lanes of Triplicane.

The nearest metro station was Government Estate. True to its name, the station stands next to a decidedly ugly, 'modern' building on Wallajah Road. Using online maps, I crossed over to Ellis Road and found myself in a camera enthusiasts paradise - a long street lined up with scores of shops selling photography equipment. Also surprisingly for Chennai, Hindi is widely spoken in this area. 

Being a predominantly muslim locality running parallel to the sea, this street has numerous shops selling non-veg food. One of these shops had set up a big vessel outside in which something called 'Nombu-Kanji' was being prepared. From the bing crowd patiently waiting outside this seemed like a popular dish - especially during Ramadan. 

Basha Halwawala was at the far end of Ellis Road. As expected, this shop belonged to a bygone pre-plastics era - it still wrapped halwa in paper sheets, and put them in cardboard boxes that had fastening string built-in. I picked up 500g of 'Dum ka Roat' - and it was delicious!

A few shops down this road I also chanced upon "Karaikudi  Murukku Kadai", another traditional 'savoury shop' staffed with super enthusiastic ladies who persuaded you to taste - and buy - as much as possible. From Triplicane I walked past Zam Bazar and Roypettah to the Thousand Lights metro station which, in turn, took me back to Guindy.

One takeaway from this visit - apart from the metro system and sweetshops - is that if you want to get around, do not depend on Uber. Either the cab drivers are not interested or the app does not work the way it usually does. I waited for about 30 minutes for cabs that were supposed to 'arrive in 7 minutes' but never turned up. It is far easier to flag down an auto-rickshaw and it is likely to take you through the rush hour traffic a lot faster than any taxi.

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REFERENCES & LINKS

- Basha Halwawala, Triplicane - https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/inside-basha-halwawala-chennai-s-80-yr-old-sweet-shop-famous-its-dum-ka-roat-96201

- Indian Express - https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/know-your-city-a-triplicane-sweetshop-tickling-chennais-taste-buds-for-100-years-8495953/


Tuesday, July 25, 2023

Global Rankings: Hunger, Democracy and Human Rights


Every year a a bunch of 'independent research bodies' publish 'global rankings'. More often than not, in India, these rankings become a subject of newspaper headlines, op-eds, TV debates and opinion pieces that dominate the public discourse for a while. At times rankings are also raised in the parliament, steering not only public policy one way or the other.

It was only last year that I caught a glimpse of the sleight of hand practiced those who prepare these rankings. The Global Hunger Index released last year ranked India at 107 (of 121 countries). Having witnessed first-hand the tremendous effort that went into ensuring the distribution of food stockpiles during the Covid years, these rankings seemed odd. It took only a bit of digging into the GHI charts to realise that the core issue was nutrition - not the availability or access to food. But, hey, 'hunger' sounds sexier.

Democracy is another bugbear. The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) claims that Indian democracy has been in decline ever since Mr. Modi first took office in 2014, with its international ranking falling from number 27 in the world (just below Belgium) to number 46 (two spots below South Africa). The EIU now labels India a “flawed democracy” characterised by “serious deterioration in the quality of democracy under leader Narendra Modi”. Then there is the American government-funded think tank Freedom House which finds India to be only “partially free”, with an overall freedom rank of tied-85th in the world.

These rankings were taken to be the gospel truth until people started asking a simple question - on what basis where these rankings created? How does one compare a complex multi-enthnic, multi-lingual, multi-everything country like India, with, say, Luxembourg?

This year, Prof. Salvatore Babones, from the University of Sydney published a paper that examined how India fared on rankings related to democracy and human rights. A quantitative, comparative sociologist, Babones noticed that the rankings presented by agencies such as Freedom House, Sweden's V-Dem and the RSF Press Freedom Index, stood on rather shaky ground. 

The paper published by Babones has its focus on Sweden’s university-based Varieties of Democracy Institute (V-DEM) which ranks India at 108 in the world for electoral democracy (two places above Myanmar) and 97th in the world for liberal democracy (one place above Papua New Guinea). It claims that India is no longer a liberal democracy at all, but is now an “electoral autocracy” on a par with Russia!

On what basis are these rankings created? Turns out that behind the facade of 'higher mathematics' lies ideologically coloured opinions of carefully selected 'experts':

(1)  Freedom House  "index of freedom"  is based on a survey with a series of questions aimed at 'experts on India' (not necessarily Indians) . It has questions like - is the media free? are the elections fair? is the election commission unbiased? - all qualitative impressions summed up into a number

(2) Swedish V-Dem ranks India is an electoral autocracy alongside Russia and Turkey . This institute sends questionnaire to social science professors (the list is secret and it leans to the Left). This survey contains 5 parts - 2 objective parts: one about universal suffrage and whether officials are elected. All countries including Vietnam and Hong Kong get perfect scores here but not India. Why? Because 2 of 550+ Members of Parliament were selected from the Anglo-Indian community until 2019! The second set is a rating on technical criteria - is the electoral roll complete? was there any violence at polls? has any party been prohibited? Below a certain score countries are ranked as autocracies! Nothing in the survey looks at the obvious questions - are elections competitive? can the opposition realistically win? 

(3) RSF Press Freedom Index - again a survey - 'safety of journalists' -- has the govt ever jailed a journalist? -- 'they search of reasons to justify a score'.

It is great to see independent minded academics calling the bluff of these self-styled surveyors and purveyors of the "Charisma of Numbers".

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REFERENCES & LINKS

* YT Interview - The India Forum - https://youtu.be/AqSuXuWQyPg 

* V-Dem Sweden - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_indices_(V-Dem)

* (14Sep'22) The Print - https://theprint.in/opinion/why-indias-democracy-ranking-should-be-taken-with-a-grain-of-salt/1127765/