Showing posts with label RBI. Show all posts
Showing posts with label RBI. Show all posts

Monday, November 14, 2016

De-monetization in India


At 8 PM on 8th November 2016, Prime Minister Modi made a surprise announcement: Currency notes for INR 500 and INR 1000 were being declared invalid with almost immediate effect. 

The stated objective was to put an end to black money, terror funding and rampant forgery.

Six days later, I continue to be impressed with the secrecy and swiftness with which this decision was implemented. At the same time, it is clear that was not thought through. For one, it is astounding that the RBI would design and print currency notes that does not fit into standard ATM machines. 

The shock and awe tactics does seem to be having some effect on people who had got accustomed to hoarding cash. Consider these examples - 

- Big Bazaar Noida has been selling grocery cash-cards like never before. From 8 Nov., they have been open till midnight, selling cards to ladies lining up with wads of 500/1000 notes. They bought up whatever is available and walk away saying, "Keep the change!"


- At Sector-18 market, on 8 Nov., jewelry shops were open till midnight and the sales personnel hit their six-month target in just four hours!

- The sweepers and cleaners at Tower-3, Unitech South City, Gurgaon, discovered that some resident(s) had dumped poly-bags full of currency notes down the garbage-chute. All the notes had been carefully snipped with scissors so they were of no use to anybody.


- Just about all ATMs in the NCR Delhi region have  serpentine queus of people waiting to use the ATMs. Most of them are young, unemployed boys working on a commission basis - for every INR 4000 withdrawn, they pocket INR 400.

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LINKS


Tuesday, June 21, 2016

A Look at Rexit


A day before Brexit, there has been a sharp drop in the number of shrill op-ed's and commentaries on "Rexit" - the exit of RBI Governer, Raghuram Rajan.

Reactions to Rexit have, by now, covered the entire spectrum of reactions and predictions, from the impending collapse of the Indian economy to 'good riddance'. As a man-on-the-street, I have been trying to understand why the governement decided not to extend Rajan's tenure, who, by all accounts seemed to be the perfect man for the job.

So far, the many opinions rationalizing Rajan's exit centred on a handful of points: The RBI governor was exceeding his brief; he was playing to the gallery by taking on the role of a public intellectual and a government functionary at the same time; He was not being senstive enough to the plight of rural India by refusing to lower the interest rates, etc..

Today I came across an entirely new angle presented by Gurumurty. According to him, Rajan, with his Western education did not sufficiently understand the importance of small towns, the unorganised sector. He illustrated this with two examples:

  • Morvi, Gujarat: The town produces 70 % of ceramics, 80% of CFL lamps, and the largest producer of clocks in India. It has the highest per-capita income in the country.
  • Tirupur, Tamil Nadu: Here, entrepreneurs with less than 10 years of formal education export more than USD 4 billion worth of knitwear garments.

According to Gurumurthy, towns like Morvi and Tirupur account for more than 58 million unfunded, unorganised businesses that needed a capital of INR 12 Lakh Crores (USD 184 billion). A new financial architecture called the Mudra Bank, to fund these unorganised businesses, has been stonewalled by Rajan at RBI citing regulatory arbitrage and systemic risk.

Obviously there is more to Mudra than meets the eye. Finance is certainly a problem for SMEs, especially for those located in rural areas where the going rate from local money lenders ranges from 30 to 120 percent. If RBI under Rajan was not too keen on having yet another banking/regulatory body (apart from NABARD, SIDBI and NHB) what were the arguments against it?


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LINKS & REFERENCES

* Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency (MUDRA) - wiki - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro_Units_Development_and_Refinance_Agency_Bank

* Mudra Bank - Genesis - http://www.mudra.org.in/AboutUs/Genesis

* Unnikrishnan, Dinesh (Firstpost, 2015) -- http://www.firstpost.com/business/mudra-bank-has-an-obvious-risk-of-endorsing-shadow-banks-2189251.html
- National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (Nabard), Small Industries Development Bank of India (Sidbi) and National Housing Bank (NHB)

* Gurumurty - http://linkis.com/newindianexpress.com/4AnuK
* Sanjay Baru - Interesting - http://m.firstpost.com/politics/the-numbers-rbi-governor-raghuram-rajan-did-not-get-2014-and-282-2846970.html
* Harish - http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/in-fact-where-raghuram-rajan-may-have-erred-in-policy-2865447/

Monday, April 25, 2016

All for a Foreign Degree


Over the last fiscal year (2015-16), there has been a sharp increase in the outflow of capital from India. Outward remittances tripled to $4 billion till February 2016.

According to an expert, "Higher limits for outward remittances, stronger domestic economy and also more and more students seeking education abroad could have contributed to the rise in these remittances".

Speculation moved to more solid ground when Amitabh Kant, a senior bureaucrat, tweeted:




Under RBI's Liberalized Remittance Scheme (LRS) 2015-16 has seen Indians spent $362 million on traveling, $875 million in maintenance of close relatives and $782 million on studies abroad, taking the total spending to $3.02 billion. Gifts amounted to $398.88 million in the period

So where are out students headed? According to the latest UNESCO reports, 300,000 students from India go to study abroad every year. A majority of them (56%) head to USA while UK and Australia attract ~ 15% each. The rest go to places where “education is considerably cheaper and part-time jobs are easier to secure.” This included Canada, Ireland, Scandinavian countries, Germany and Italy.

It seems Indian students have not yet started following the "Look East" policy. USA, Australia and Europe seems to be the first priority for full-fee students with a trickle of mostly scholarship-funded ones going to Singapore, Malaysia, Japan and China.

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REFERENCES & LINKS

* (ET - 1Apr16) - Outward remittances triple to $4 billion till February' 16 -  http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-04-01/news/71977532_1_remittances-sujan-hajra-kiran-shetty

* BS - http://www.business-standard.com/article/finance/huge-outward-remittances-a-recent-phenomenon-116040400928_1.html

* Mathew, George (FE 21Apr2016) -  - http://www.financialexpress.com/article/industry/banking-finance/200-increase-in-outward-remittances/239136

* (ET-2015) - http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-28/wealth/65969493_1_north-india-credila-students

* ICEF Monitor (2012) - http://monitor.icef.com/2012/11/number-of-indian-students-heading-abroad-up-300-over-past-decade/

* An excellent blogpost on life at NUS Singapore - https://mohitagraw.al/2010/05/08/study-abroad-in-singapore-my-experience-and-advice/

* IIE - Project Atlas (2010) - http://www.iie.org/Services/Project-Atlas/India/Indias-Students-Overseas#.Vx3UknqDzIU

* MyCollegesAbroad - http://www.mycollegesabroad.com/country/singapore/cost-of-study/

* HotCoursesIndia - http://www.hotcoursesabroad.com/india/why-study-abroad/all-about-studying-abroad/how-many-indian-students-go-abroad-to-study/

* IDP Education - https://www.idp.com/india/studyabroad/whytostudyabroad

Saturday, March 15, 2014

Electronic Fund Transfer: Spoilt for Choice


I never cease to wonder at the way in which our lives have been transformed by the internet.

Take net-banking for instance. We stay in Delhi NCR and our housemaid, Basanti's family is based at Murshidabad, West Bengal. Last week, her daughter took ill and had to be taken to a hospital in Kolkata. Money was urgently needed for the travel and medical expenses.

Until a few year's ago, Basanti would have taken a wad of notes to the nearest post-office, stood in a line for her turn, written out an application form, and hope that a week or two later, the postman would not take a 'cut' while handing over the cash.

Today, anybody with an internet connection can be the intermediary. It was my turn today. An SMS was sent out to the family asking for details of their village bank account. Five items were requested - name as in bank records, account number, name of bank & its branch, and its IFSC code.

It was already past 8PM when these details came in. On ICICI Bank's webpage three options were available - NEFT, RTGS and IMPS. The first two work only during office hours. So I used the last option - IMPS - which was a 24x7 service. Within a few minutes the money was already accessible at an ATM 1500 kms away!

Hats-off to all those who put this amazing system in place!

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Note: Efficiency of service varies across banks. I had first logged on to HDFC bank. Six hours later, they were still flashing "Authorization Awaited". ICICI Bank was a lot faster.

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Decoding the alphabet soup:
  • IFSC - Indian Financial System's Code. Each bank participating in the national electronic fund settlement system as its own unique code.
  • NEFT - National Electronic Fund Transfer. RBI FAQ on NEFT - http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/FAQView.aspx?Id=60 // RBI's NEFT FAQs
  • RTGS - Real Time Gross Settlement. Unlike NEFT this is final and irrevocable.
  • IMPS - Immediate Payment Service -- http://www.icicibank.com/Personal-Banking/onlineservice/online-services/imps/index.html 


Thursday, March 06, 2014

CC Fraud -- Club Group of Hotels


Recently, we got conned into 'buying' a time-share holiday scheme from a company called "Mountain Club Resorts PL, New Delhi", Club Group of Hotels.

Their game was pretty simple -- and beguiling. First they dangled a "free holiday" at the end of an hour-long marketing pitch. When you decline to take up their offers, the smooth-talking gets smoother, and the prices keep going down until you take the bait on the basis of "zero interest" payments of multiple installments spread across a couple of years.

Then they take your credit cards and charge you the full amount saying that the CC company would be converting them to 'easy installments'. You are hurriedly made to sign at the bottom of some legal papers. It is only later that you kick yourself for being so gullible -- especially when you notice that the legal doc has blanks spaces that have not been filled, and the bill from the credit-card company is for full, upfront payments!

A rather belated internet search reveals that RBI had banned "zero interest" many months ago.

You desperately contact the company. The smooth-talkers are Mountain Club Resorts now feign ignorance. "Is there a new RBI rule? They must've introduced that after you signed up". When that line fails to convince, a new offer comes up - "We'll pay up the interest charged by the CC companies". When you ask them to send confirmatory emails, they just dissappear. Phone calls go unanswered; emails are ignored.

Is it too late? What do you do?

First, inform the credit card companies. In our case, the process with Citibank was a lot easier than HDFC bank. Citi just blocked the credit card, issued a new one and then initiated a "dispute" inquiry. The very next day, there was a follow-up call to assure us that no payment was required for this transaction. HDFC was a lot more cumbersome. They wanted to have a written application, signed and submitted to a local branch. Customer-care service was tardy and a test of patience.

Next, inform the Reserve Bank of India. The RBI Ombudsman page had officers listed city-wise to take up the complaints . Our case has now been forwarded to the Department of Non-Banking Supervision (DNBS).

What happens next? Watch this space.



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LINKS

* RBI bans zero-interest payment schems (26 Sep., 2013) -- http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/RBI-bans-zero-interest-loans-on-EMI-to-credit-card-holders/articleshow/23065529.cms

* Fraud membership offered by Club Group of Hotels -- http://www.icomplaints.in/fraud-membership-scheme-offered-by-club-group-of-025237.html

* Complaints registered online -- http://www.complaintsaboutbusiness.in/tag/club-group-of-hotels/
and http://www.consumercourt.in/product-services/110075-cheated-club-group-hotels-gold-star-hospitality.html  (Club Group of Hotels / Gold Star Hospitality)
and http://www.consumercourtforum.in/f29/club-group-hotels-just-behind-your-mollah-don-t-fall-prey-them-84052/

* ...and  more! -- http://www.complaintbox.in/cheating-by-club-group-of-hotelsdestination-resorts-india-pvt-ltd/ (Club Group of Hotels / Destination Resorts PL)

* RBI -- http://www.rbi.org.in/commonman/english/scripts/departments.aspx#DNBS
- http://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/bs_viewcontent.aspx?Id=159

* Banking Obudsmen - RBI - http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/AboutUsDisplay.aspx?pg=BankingOmbudsmen.htm


Thursday, September 05, 2013

Going Gaga over RaRa


"Let us remember", said the new RBI governor, in his maiden speech, "that the goal is having greater financial access in all parts of the country, rather than meeting bureaucratic norms."

Music to our ears!

In Raghuram Rajan, we may finally see a leader who not only has a clear vision but also the ability to communicate it and the gumption to see it through. Almost immediately after the speech was telecast yesterday, the Rupee stopped sliding, and the markets which had been down in the dumps for weeks, perked up.

While it was pleasure to read his speech, carefully crafted like a fine motor engine, I found in it many unfamiliar terms. Since I am likely to be following RaRa very closely hereon, I need to find out more about --

* Electronic Bill Factoring Exchanges: For electronically receiving and auctioning MSME bills - what does that mean?
* Inflation Indexed Savings Certificates linked to the CPI New Index
* National giro-based Indian Bill Payment System: What is "giro-based"? And I thought electronic bill payments were already quite popular..
* “White” POS device: How is this different from the usual point-of-sale device


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LINKS

* RBI Press Release - Statement by Dr. Raghuram Rajan on 4 Sep., 2013 -- http://rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=29479

* First Post - R. Jagannathan -- http://www.firstpost.com/business/raghuram-rajan-hits-first-ball-sixer-set-to-bowl-markets-over-1084247.html

* Mint-WSJ: The Morning After -- http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/3gbcDl2HYGQtANET2HXRyM/Raghuram-Rajan-The-morning-after.html

* Takshashila - Beginning with an A+ -- http://tgs.nationalinterest.in/2013/09/04/well-begun-with-a/